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Starting and Stopping the Database

Startup and Shutdown an Oracle Database

Use SQL*Plus to start and instance and open a database.

1. Logon as the oracle user
2. Setup the environment variables

oraenv

1. Connect as the SYS user with operating system authentication.

sqlplus / as sysdba

1. Start the instance only.

startup nomount;

1. Mount the database

alter database mount;

1. Open the database

alter database open;

1. Confirm the database is open

select opn_mode from v$database;

The database should be in READ WRITE state. 8. Shutdown the database

shutdown immediate

1. Start the database with one command

startup

The database should start and be in the OPEN state.

Automatically start the database on boot

To automatically shutdown and start the database you will need to use the dbstart and dbshut scripts located in the $ORACLE_HOME/bin folders

1. Login in as the root user.
2. Change the file /etc/oratab. The file lists databases that should be automatically started in the following format :

$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>

For example for an Oracle 12 c installed in u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/ the entry would be as follows :

ORCL:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1//:Y

ORCL is the database name and the Y at the end is to auto start the database on boot.

Auto start with Sys V Scripts

The older way of startin the instance is to use the SysV init scripts located in the init.d folder.

Create a file dbora

vi /etc/init.d/dbora

Add the following into the script and update the ORACLE_HOME to the appropriate folder :

#! /bin/sh -x
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 05
# description: start and stop Oracle Database Enterprise Edition on Oracle Linux 5 and 6
#

# In /etc/oratab, change the autostart field from N to Y for any
# databases that you want autostarted.
#
# Create this file as /etc/init.d/dbora and execute:
#  chmod 750 /etc/init.d/dbora
#  chkconfig --add dbora
#  chkconfig dbora on

# Note: Change the value of ORACLE_HOME to specify the correct Oracle home
# directory for your installation.

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1

#
# Note: Change the value of ORACLE to the login name of the oracle owner
ORACLE=oracle

PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
HOST=`hostname`
PLATFORM=`uname`
export ORACLE_HOME PATH

case $1 in
'start')
        echo -n $"Starting Oracle: "
        su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" &
        ;;
'stop')
        echo -n $"Shutting down Oracle: "
        su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" &
        ;;
'restart')
        echo -n $"Shutting down Oracle: "
        su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" &
        sleep 5
        echo -n $"Starting Oracle: "
        su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" &
        ;;
*)
        echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit
        ;;
esac

exit

Change the permissions on the dbora

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/dbora

Add the service

chkconfig --add dbora

Change the service to auto start on boot

chkconfig dbora on

Start the service to test

service dbora start

Check if the service is running

service dbora status

Reboot the machine and verify the service automatically starts

Automatically start service using Systemd

The system d scripts are located in the /etc/systemd. They are separated into user and system scripts.

Create a file oracle-dbms

vi /etc/systemd/system/oracle-dbms

Add the following into the file

[Unit]
Description=Oracle Database(s) and Listener
After=syslog.target network.target
Requires=network.target
[Service]
#Type=forking
Type=idle
RemainAfterExit=yes
Restart=no
ExecStart=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
ExecStop=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
User=oracle
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Reload the service

systemctl daemon-reload

Enable the service

systemctl enable oracle-rdbms

Start the service

systemctl start oracle-rdbms

Check the service

systemctl status oracle-rdbms

Reboot the system and check if oracle automatically startssu root