Installing Oracle Database¶

Oracle provides the Oracle Universal Installed(OUI) to install and configure an oracle database.

Checking the prerequisites¶

The following are the minimum requirements to install the oracle database :

There is a minimum of 1 GB of physical memory.
Sufficient paging space is available.
The appropriate service packs or patches for your operating system are installed.
An appropriate file system format is being used.

Database Editions¶

The oracle software is bundled as a single product, you will need to choose the right edition for licensing during the installation phase. The following editions are available:

Enterprise Edition
Standard Edition
Standard Edition One
Personal Edition

Enterprise Edition¶

This installation type is the full-featured Oracle Database product that provides data management for enterprise-level applications. It is intended for mission-critical, high-security online transaction processing (OLTP) and data warehousing environments.

Standard Edition¶

This installation type is suitable for workgroup or department-level applications, and for small to medium-sized enterprises. It provides core relational database management services and options and includes an integrated set of management tools, replication, Web features, and facilities for building business-critical applications

Standard Edition One¶

This installation type is suitable for workgroup, department, or web applications. It provides core relational database management services for single-server environments or highly distributed branch environments. Oracle Standard Edition One includes all the facilities necessary to build business-critical applications.

Personal Edition¶

(Microsoft Windows operating systems only)—This installation type installs the same software as the Enterprise Edition, but supports only a single-user, development and deployment environment.

Database Directories¶

You will need to specify the database directory in which the oracle software is installed. The base directory is called the Oracle Base.

Database File Locations¶

Oracle offers a choice of two ways to manage the database files :

File System
Oracle Managed Files

File System¶

This default option creates database files that are managed by the file system of your operating system. You can specify the directory path where database files are to be stored. Oracle Database can create and manage the actual files.

Oracle Managed Files - OMF¶

This option enables you to place your data files in Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) disk groups.

Oracle Database automatically manages database file placement and naming. For environments with a large number of disks, this option simplifies database administration and maximizes performance. Oracle ASM performs software striping and mirroring at the file level for maximum storage flexibility, performance, and availability.

Database Name¶

The oracle system identifier(SID) is a unique name that is used to distinguish this instance of oracle from other database instances that might installed on the same machine.

The global database name is the full name of the database that uniquely distinguishes it from any other database. The global database name is in the form database_name.database_domain, for example sales.example.com. The database name portion sales is a simple name you call your database.

Installing Oracle on Centos 7¶

Download the oracle database from theOracle website

Unpack the files¶

unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

You should now have a single directory called "database" containing installation files.

Hosts file¶

Change the machine hostname. Change it in the /etc/hosts

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

For example, the machine is called mid-earth

127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 mid-earth
192.168.0.215   ol7.localdomain  mid-earth

Set the correct hostname in the "/etc/hostname" file.

mid-earth

Oracle Installation Prerequisites¶

Perform either the Automatic Setup or the Manual Setup to complete the basic prerequisites. The Additional Setup is required for all installations.

Automatic Setup¶

If you plan to use the "oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall" package to perform all your prerequisite setup, issue the following command.

yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall -y

Note

Earlier versions of Oracle Linux required manual setup of the Yum repository by following the instructions at http://public-yum.oracle.com.

It is probably worth doing a full update as well, but this is not strictly speaking necessary.

yum update -y

Manual Setup¶

If you have not used the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstal package to perform all prerequisites, you will need to manually perform the following setup tasks.

Add the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file, or in a file called /etc/sysctl.d/oracle.conf.

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on which file you edited.

/sbin/sysctl -p
# Or
/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/oracle.conf

Add the following lines to a file called /etc/security/limits.d/oracle.conf file.

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

The following packages are listed as required, including the 32-bit version of some of the packages. Many of the packages should be installed already.

yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel.i686 -y

Create the new groups and users.

groupadd  oinstall
groupadd  dba
groupadd  oper
#groupadd backupdba
#groupadd dgdba
#groupadd kmdba
#groupadd asmdba
#groupadd asmoper
#groupadd asmadmin

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

Uncomment the extra groups you require.

Additional Setup¶

The following steps must be performed, whether you did the manual or automatic setup.

Set the password for the "oracle" user.

passwd oracle

Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.

SELINUX=permissive

Once the change is complete, restart the server or run the following command.

setenforce Permissive

If you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable or configure it. To disable it, do the following.

# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

Note

Putting mount points directly under root is typically a bad idea. It's done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" should be reserved for the OS.

Unless you are working from the console, or using SSH tunnelling, login as root and issue the following command.

xhost +<machine-name>

Add the following lines at the end of the "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" file.

# Oracle Settings
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=mid-earth
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.2/db_1

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

Start the Database Installation¶

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory.

./runInstaller

Proceed with the installation of your choice.

Note

If you are doing an installation for an Enterprise Manager repository, remember to do an advanced installation and pick the ALT32UTF8 character set.

The graphical installation will start and show the following steps

Configure Security Updates
My Oracle Support Credentials
Select Installation Type
System Class
Grid Installation Options
Select Install Type
Typical Install Configuration
Create Inventory
Perform Prerequisite Checks
Summary
Install Product
Execute Configuration Scripts
Oracle Database Configuration
Database Configuration Assistant
Database Configuration Assistant Complete
Finish
Database Express 12c Login
Database Express 12c Dashboard

Creating a Database¶

Open a command prompt as the user oracle
Run dbca

dbca

Follo the prompts to create a new oracle database.

Post Installation¶

Edit the /etc/oratab file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.

orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.2/db_1:Y

Connect to Oracle Enterprise Manager Express¶

To get up and running, you just need to check the HTTPS port is set for the XML DB.

SQL> SELECT DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.gethttpport FROM dual;

GETHTTPPORT
-----------
          0

SQL> SELECT DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.gethttpsport FROM dual;

GETHTTPSPORT
------------
        5500

SQL> EXEC DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.sethttpsport(5500);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>

Once that is done, EM Database Express is accessible using the following type of URL.

https://<hostname>:<port>/em/

Example:

https://localhost:5500/em/

Login in with the sys user.

Setting Up the Oracle Environment¶

On a Linux machine you can use a script in /usr/local/bin/oraenv to setup the environment variables.

Granting Access to EM Express for Nonadministrative Users¶

To connect to EM, the users need to be granted the EM_EXPRESS_BASIC or EM_EXPRESS_ALL roles.

sql > grant EM_EXPRESS_ALL to jsmith;

Block Size¶

The db_block_size size parameter shows the smallest unit of storage on the file system for the tablespaces. This parameter can not be changed after the database is created. The default size is 8K.

show parameter db_block_size